| A
Active Area:
The area of the display or touch panel that is
useful for touch or viewing.
Active Matrix = AMLCD (See also TFT)
Active matrix liquid crystal display (LCD). A
Liquid crystal based display technology that uses
a switch at each pixel to create high resolution
and fast response times. One type of LCD is known
as thin film transistor (TFT) LCD, in which the
switch used is a thin film transistor. Displays
based on this technology range from as small as
1" diagonal up to 100" diagonal.
Active Plate
Another term for the glass substrate that contains
the array or thin film transistors (TFTs) in an
active matrix liquid crystal display (LCD). This
is also known as an array or backplane.
Amorphous silicon (a-Si)
A semiconductor film used as the active layer
in most active matrix liquid crystal displays
(LCDs). It is based upon the electronic properties
of a glass alloy of silicon and hydrogen.
Analog to Digital Controller:
A controller which converts an analog signal
to a digital signal thus providing the input to
the display in a digital format.
Analog Resistive Touch Panel:
This touch panel is comprised of two transparent
resistive layers, separated by small spacers.
Touching the screen causes the two layers to come
in contact and form a switch closure. By measuring
the voltage gradient in the horizontal and vertical
axis, position can be determined.
Analog RGB:
Separate Red, green, and blue video signals used
in conjunction with composite sync or separate
horizontal and vertical sync.
Analog Signal:
A signal that travels continuously. An analog
signal may be either direct or alternating current.
Array
Rows and columns of thin-film-transistors (TFTs)
made on a glass substrate to form the pixel-addressing
component of an active matrix liquid crystal display
(LCD). The TFTs are made by depositing a series
of films via chemical vapor deposition and patterning
these films by photolithography. This process
is very similar to the manufacturing process for
silicon-based microelectronics. This is also known
as a backplane.
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B
Backlight
The light source for an active matrix liquid
crystal display (LCD), located behind the panel.
It is usually made up of several fluorescent lamps,
a light guide, reflectors, and brightness enhancing
films.
Backplane
Another name for thin film transistor (TFT) array
(see Array). TFT backplanes can be used to make
active matrix liquid crystal displays (LCDs) or
organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays.
Bezel:
Secures the LCD to the printed circuit board.
Can be plastic or metal.
Bias Voltage:
A voltage applied to a circuit or device to establish
a reference level or operating point of the device
during testing.
Black Matrix
A light-shielding film that separates the pixels
of the color filter.
Borosilicate
A family of glass compositions in which boron
trioxide and silicon dioxide are major components.
Brightness
This is the measure of the luminosity in a display,
expressed in nits or candelas/meter2.
Burn-in
A tendency for an image that is shown on a display
over a long period of time to become permanently
fixed on the display. This is most often seen
in emissive displays such as CRT (cathode ray
tube) and plasma, because chemical changes can
occur in the phosphors when exposed repeatedly
to the same electrical signals. This is most noticeable
in electronic signage such as in airport information
displays, or displays that are used with video
games, and is less noticeable in consumer televisions.
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C
CCFL:
Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light. A type of fluorescent
backlight used in flat panel displays.
CCFT:
Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube. Same as CCFL.
Character Display:
A display that is used to display letters, numbers,
and symbols only. Typically described as Number
of lines by number of characters.
COB:
Chip on Board. The LCD driver is epoxied onto
the PCB and wire bonds are installed for connections
to the IC. The chip plus bonding wires are covered
with black epoxy as a seal.
COG
Chip-on-glass, a method of bonding driver integrated
circuits (ICs) directly to the edges of active
matrix liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for smaller
packages, higher quality, and improved ruggedness.
The driver IC is mounted upside down (flip chip)
eliminating bond wires and interconnects. Reliability
is improved due to reduction in interconnects.
COF:
Chip on Flex. The LCD driver is incorporated
into a flex connector, which is attached by a
heat seal method to the contact edge of the LCD
glass.
Color Filter
A component of the active matrix liquid crystal
display (LCD) panel. The color filter contains
primary colors - red, green and blue - that enable
the LCD to produce more than 16 million colors.
Colors:
·
3-Bit = 512 colors
·
4-Bit = 4096 colors
·
6-Bit = 262K colors
·
8-Bit = 16M colors
Contrast Ratio:
The ratio of the luminance in the light state
to that of the dark side.
Controller:
An IC, usually mounted in the graphics board,
which takes the microprocessor output and tells
the display which pixels to light up to produce
the image requested.
CRT
Cathode ray tube (CRT), a technology used in
many traditional television sets and desktop computers.
A CRT uses a vacuum tube that produces images
when an electron beam strikes a phosphorescent
surface. CRT devices are bulkier and require more
space than active matrix liquid crystal display
(LCD) devices.
CSTN
Color Super Twisted Nematic. A passive matrix
display technology used to produce low cost color
displays without resorting to TFT manufacturing
technology. Color STN Technology is actually STN
technology that uses a white backlight and color
filters to produce the hues required for a color
display. Each visual pixel of a CSTN display
is actually 3 separate pixels using a colored
filter of Red. Green, and Blue. Each of those
colors is controlled individually by the graphic
controller chip. So actually a 320 by 240 pixel
CSTN display contains 960 by 240 individually
colored pixels.
CTE
Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The slope
of the expansion versus temperature curve. For
glasses, it is typically expressed as a value
multiplied by 10-7/oC.
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D
Digital:
A digital signal is one that varies in discrete
steps. The signal does not vary smoothly but instead
jumps from one level to the next with a sharp
discontinuity.
Direct Drive:
Direct electrical contact from the microprocessor
or controller to each pixel on a display. Used
in simple glass displays with a few segments and
icons, like a thermostat or digital meter. Also
known as Static
Drive. See also Multiplex.
Direct View
A term used to refer to active matrix liquid
crystal displays (LCDs), cathode ray tubes (CRTs),
plasma displays, and other displays that create
the exact image that the user views. In contrast,
projection displays need magnification optics
to create the final image that is viewed.
DLP™
Digital Light Processor (DLP™), a proprietary
technology developed by Texas Instruments as a
micro display projection element. DLP uses an
array of tiny mirrors on a silicon chip to reflect
light from a projection lamp to form an image.
Requires a lamp, color wheel, and optics to make
front-projection and rear-projection displays.
DMD
Digital Micro-mirror Device (DMD), a generic
term for Texas Instrument’s DLP™ chip.
Dot Matrix:
A display made up of an array of pixel elements
in a matrix. Also called “graphic display”. Can
be used to display graphics, pictures and text.
Driver:
Voltage IC mounted on the display, which provides
the voltage to each row and column (do not confuse
with the controller IC).
DSTN:
Double Supertwist Nematic Display. A technology
that uses a second LCD layer to correct the color
shift in STN display and so produces a black and
white image.
Dual Scan:
A technique used in passive color and monochrome
displays, which effectively divides the screen
in half, which doubles the duty cycle in order
to increase performance.
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E
Edge Lighting:
A backlight in which the tube(s) are located
at the side of the display and uses a scattering
sheet to get even lighting across the display,
which allows for thinner displays.
Elastomer:
Conductive rubber strip, also called Zebra Strip,
used to connect the contacts on the glass display
to the printed circuit board of a LCD character
module. Also use in low resolution graphic modules.
Electrical contact is made by compression with
the bezel frame.
EL backlight:
A type of backlight using electroluminescent
material. The thinnest available backlight. Electroluminescent
can also be a type of display. Provides uniform
light distribution over the active area. Requires
an inverter to provide 90VAC at 400Hz. Low power
consumption.
Electrochromic Display
This is a reflective display that uses electrochromic
materials to switch pixels on and off. Electrochromic
materials change color when the oxidation state
of the material is changed by an applied voltage.
NTERA is working on a display based on this technology.
Electrically switchable automobile rear-view mirrors
are an example of this technology.
Electrophoretic Display
This is a reflective display that uses electrophoresis
to switch pixels on and off. Electrophoresis is
the motion of charged particles suspended in a
liquid in response to an electric field. Positively
charged particles move toward the cathode, and
negatively charged particles move toward the anode.
If these particles are colored, the display shows
different colors to the user as the particles
move. E Ink and Gyricon are examples of this type
of display.
EL
Electroluminescent (EL). This is a display technology
based on the light-emitting ability of certain
phosphors (typically ZnS) in an electric field.
EL displays can be further subdivided into thick
film, thin film, alternating current, and direct
current type displays.
Emissive
A direct-view display, such as cathode ray tube
(CRT), field emission display (FED), plasma, electroluminescent
(EL), and organic light emitting diode (OLED),
where the light generation, switching, and coloring
are all done at once by the display. These displays
do not need a separate backlight to provide light
for the image. See also Transmissive, Reflective,
and Projection.
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F
Fabrication lines
The production lines that Corning’s
customers use to create their products. The customers
take our glass substrates and apply their own
processes to create a final product. These are
also referred to as fabs.
FED
A Field Emission Display (FED) is an emissive
flat panel display that uses many small electron
emitters to excite a phosphor screen and emit
light. Also known as Thin CRT or carbon nanotube
FED. This technology is still in the development
phase and is not currently available commercially.
Finishing
This is the cold processing of the glass article
to form the final product. Processes include cutting,
grinding, polishing, and washing.
Forming
This is the processing of molten liquid glass
into the basic shape of the end product. Typical
forming processes include blowing and pressing,
but for sheet glass the typical forming processes
include, float forming and various downdraw processes,
such as Corning’s
proprietary Fusion process.
FPD
Flat panel display (FPD). FPD can be used to
refer to any of a number of "flat" display
technologies including LCD, plasma, FED, or others.
FRM:
Frame rate modulation.
FSTN:
Film Super Twist Nematic display. STN display
with a film layer to improve contrast and viewing
angle. This film also changes the display “on”
color from blue to black.
Fusion
This is the proprietary process through which
Corning
produces LCD glass substrates. The fusion process
begins when raw materials are blended into a glass
composition, which is melted and conditioned to
be homogeneous and virtually defect free. The
molten glass is fed into a trough called an “isopipe,”
filling it until the glass flows evenly over both
sides. It then rejoins, or fuses, at the bottom,
where it is drawn down to form a continuous sheet
of flat glass.
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G
“G” = Generation Glass:
Industry standard to define the mother glass
size used in a LCD factory. Similar to wafer
size used in a semiconductor fab (e.g., 6”, 8”,
12” wafers). LCD factories are designed with
equipment for a specific mother glass size:
G2.5 = 370 x 470 mm G3.5 = 600 x 720
mm G5 = 1100 x 1300 mm
G5.5 = 1300 x 1500 mm G6 = 1500 x 1850 mm
G7 = 1870 x 2200 mm
G7.5 = 1950 x 2250 mm G8 = 2160 x 2460 mm
G9 = 2400 x 2800 mm
G10 = 2880 x 3080 mm
Graphic Display:
A display made up of an array of pixel elements
in a matrix. Also called “dot matrix”. Can be
used to display graphics, pictures and text.
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H
HDTV
High Definition Television (HDTV), a term that
can refer to certain TV sets or programming that
conforms to a set of standards that define next-generation
television resolution, sound, and format. The
most common HDTV formats in the U.S. are 480p, 720p, and 1080i,
which correspond to lines of resolution and progressive
or interlaced scanning. Each country or region
has different HDTV definitions and standards.
Heat Seal:
A flat, flexible, adhesive connector which is
bonded to the contact edge of the glass by heat.
Used for high density connections in graphic modules.
HTPS
High-Temperature Poly-crystalline Silicon (HTPS),
fabrication of poly-crystalline silicon through
high temperature (>900C) processing steps.
This process is used to make small thin film transistor-
active matrix liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCDs)
for projection displays, and requires the use
of a synthetic quartz substrate.
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I
Input Bias Current:
The current that flows at the input due to internal
circuitry and bias voltage.
Input/Output:
The process of transferring data to and from
a computer controlled system using its communication
channels, operator interface devices, data acquisition
devices, or control interfaces.
IR Touch Panel:
Infrared light emitting diodes and detectors
are positioned along the screen edges to create
a grid of light. A finger or stylus interrupts
the light beams and position is determined on
the grid.
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L
Large-generation Size Glass
Substrates that are Generation 5 and larger are
classified as large-generation. Large-generation
size substrates provide substantial cost efficiencies
and greater output per substrate. Large-generation
substrates not only allow customers to get more
panels per sheet, but also to produce larger panels.
LCD (See also AMLCD)
Active matrix liquid crystal display (LCD). A
display technology that uses a switch at each
pixel to create high resolution and fast response
times. One type of LCD in which the switch used
is a thin film transistor (TFT), is known as a
TFT-LCD. Displays based on this technology range
from as small as 1" diagonal up to 40"
diagonal.
LCD Module
A thin film transistor-passive or active matrix
liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) that contains
all components, including backlight and driver
integrated circuits (ICs), and is ready to be
integrated into an end product such as a TV, monitor,
notebook PC, or other device. This term is often
used interchangeably with LCD panel.
LCD Panel
A thin film transistor-passive or active matrix
liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) that includes
the array, color filter, and liquid crystal. May
also include a backlight and driver integrated
circuits (ICs), but sometimes is used to refer
to just the glass-liquid crystal composite. Often
used interchangeably with LCD module.
LCD Projection
A projection technology that uses small thin
film transistor-active matrix liquid crystal displays
(TFT-LCDs), of 2” diagonal or less, as picture
elements. The light from the projection lamp is
switched and given color by one of three TFT-LCDs,
and then is combined into a picture by optics,
and finally projected onto a screen. These can
be used to make a rear-projection TV or a front-projection
data projector.
LCoS
Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS), a type of reflective
micro-display that can be used to make front-projection,
rear-projection, or near-eye displays. A thin
film transistor (TFT) array is made on a silicon
chip and becomes a display by adding a liquid
crystal layer to control the reflection of light
off the chip. A color wheel or color scroll, a
light source, and a lens array are other system
components needed for LCoS projection.
LED Backlights
LEDs are becoming the most popular type of backlight
because they do not require an inverter, and they
have a longer lifetime than EL or CCFL. Character
modules and small graphic modules use yellow-green
LEDs because they are lowest in cost and have
the longest life. Monochrome FSTN and color modules
require white LEDs, which are becoming lower in
cost and longer in lifetime.
Lifetime
A measure of the durability of a display, expressed
in how many hours of operation it takes for a
display to show half the brightness as compared
to the brightness it showed when it was new. For
example, if a display is rated for 50,000 hours
lifetime, it should take 50,000 of cumulative
operation before it is half as bright as compared
to when it was new. Most displays degrade slowly
over time so the effect is not noticeable unless
compared directly with a new display.
Liquid Crystal:
A liquid in which the molecules are arranged
in a regular pattern. Usually used in LCD displays.
LTPS
Low temperature poly-crystalline silicon (LTPS).
Lasers, or other low temperature energy sources,
are used to crystallize amorphous silicon into
a more conductive state known as poly-crystalline
silicon (p-Si). This poly-crystalline silicon
layer is patterned through photolithography to
make a thin-film transistor (TFT) backplane. Active
matrix liquid crystal displays (LCDs) made with
LTPS backplanes are capable of higher resolution
and better aperture ratio than LCDs made on amorphous
silicon backplanes. Driver integrated circuits
(ICs) can also be integrated into the backplane,
for better form factor and higher quality. This
is especially useful for small displays for mobile
devices where smaller panels enable smaller and
lightweight end products.
LVDS:
Low Voltage Differential Signal.
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M
Melting
The process of converting the raw materials,
that are used in glass-making, into a uniform,
homogenous liquid. This involves both melting
and dissolution reactions of the raw materials.
MEMS
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are a class
of micron-scale devices made using semiconductor
processes that integrate electronic and mechanical
functions. Texas Instrument's DLP™ projection
element is one example of MEMS. Iridigm has also
made a direct-view reflective display with MEMS
technology. MEMS are also used for sensors, such
as accelerometers and optical switches.
Micro corrugation
This refers to the fine-scale wrinkling of a
glass sheet as a result of forming. This is typically
seen with the forming of a thin glass sheet in
a float process; it arises from a non-uniform
glass response to the applied tensile or stretching
force.
MTBF:
Mean Time Between Failures. This is the lifetime
of the component or the system. System lifetime
can be calculated from the lifetime of the individual
components and the number of interconnects. Lifetime
is usually expressed in hours. For LCDs, the
lifetime is determined by the backlight. EL panels
are the lowest, yellow-green LEDs are the highest.
Multiplex:
Method of sharing rows or columns of pixels on
a display to reduce the number of connections
to the driver or controller. As the display resolution
increases, the multiplex rate must increase to
allow all of the individual pixels to be addressed.
See Direct Drive.
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N
NTSC:
National Television Standard Committee. International
television standard which uses 525 lines per frame
at 60Hz field rate.
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O
OLED
Organic light emitting diode (OLED), an emissive
flat panel display that uses organic compounds
to emit light. OLEDs can be passive or active
matrix. Passive matrix devices are easier to make,
but not capable of full color or high resolution.
Currently, active matrix devices use a poly-crystalline
silicon thin film transistor (TFT) array, similar
to low temperature poly-crystalline silicon (LTPS)
active matrix liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
There has been limited production to date because
of short product lifetimes and differential aging
rates of the OLED materials. This is also known
as Organic EL.
Organic EL
Organic electroluminescent (EL). This is an organic
analog to the EL type display in which the active
material is organic. This is another name for
organic light emitting diode (OLED) technology.
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P
PAL:
Phase Alternation Line. International television
standard which uses 625 lines per frame at 50Hz
field rate.
Passive:
A technique by which each row and column of the
display are multiplexed or addressed in turn (also
can be referred to as Duty Type).
Passive matrix LCDs
These are the predecessors to active matrix liquid
crystal displays (LCDs); these displays do not
incorporate a thin film transistor (TFT) or switch
at each pixel. As a result, they tend to have
lower resolution, slower refresh rates, and poorer
viewing angles than active matrix LCDs.
Photolithography
The patterning step of the process by which transistors
are made for displays or microprocessors. Thin
films of silicon or other materials are deposited
on a substrate then covered with another material
(photo resist) that reacts to light. This material
is exposed to light through a mask that is patterned
for one layer of the transistor. Then the exposed
area is etched away, taking the underlying thin
film with it. Then the photo resist is cleaned
off, leaving the patterned thin film. This is
repeated several times with different thin films
to create the transistor array.
Pixel
An individual dot on the display. Short for
"picture element," a pixel is the basic
unit of information on a display. It can be made
up of different colored sub-pixels.
Plasma
Emissive flat panel display technology that uses
gas plasma to excite phosphors and make them glow.
Used for large-size displays (typically 32"
diagonal and up), but has a limited market because
of the high cost of production. Also called plasma
display panel (PDP).
Plasma Display:
A type of display produced by an electrical discharge
that produces a red or white glowing image. Color
filters are added to the white image o produce
full color.
Polarizer:
This is a material that selectively transmits
light with a given polarization. Polarizers are
critical in the operation of most active matrix
liquid crystal displays (LCDs), as the liquid
crystal manipulates polarized light. A twisted-nematic
(TN) LCD typically has polarizers on both sides
of the LCD cell.
Poly-crystalline silicon TFT-LCD
Type of thin film transistor- active matrix liquid
crystal display (TFT-LCD) that uses transistors
made from poly-crystalline silicon rather than
amorphous silicon.
Projection
A display that uses from one to three small emissive,
reflective, or transmissive displays to create
a picture that is enlarged by a set of optics
to the final viewable size. The light is provided
by a projection lamp, the switching is done by
the small displays, and the color can be provided
by the small displays or separate color elements.
See also Emissive, Transmissive, and Reflective.
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R
Reflective
A display without a backlight. Reflective displays
rely on ambient light to provide the image. Excellent
for outdoors or bright light conditions. Most
digital watches and calculators use reflective
LCDs, although some color versions have been developed
for mobile phones and PDAs. See also Emissive,
Transmissive, and Projection. Emerging reflective
technologies include Electrophoretic (made by
E Ink and others), electrochromic (made by NTERA
and others), and microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS)-based (made by Iridigm and others).
Refresh Rate
The time interval required for the electronics
to fully address a display. This rate determines
the capability of the display to show video images.
Resolution
The number of pixels available for information
display. More pixels (higher resolution) enables
finer details to be displayed and generally results
in a better image quality.
Response time:
Total delay time to change the image = decay
time (Td, Toff) + rise time (Tr, Ton).
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S
Segment:
A single active area in the segmented displays
(as opposed to the background area).
SHA:
Super High Aperture.
Silica
Silicon dioxide, this oxide forms the basis for
most glass compositions.
STN
Super Twisted Nematic. A type of high-performance
passive matrix display used to improve optical
properties at high multiplex rates. Method is
to increase the twist angle in the LCD construction
from the 90 degrees used in TN to a much higher
twist (270 degrees or more). Hence the nickname
“super twist”. Used exclusively in character
modules and graphic modules, including Color STN.
Sub-Pixel
A sub portion of a pixel showing only one of
the primary colors - green, red or blue. Three
or more sub-pixels make up a single pixel.
SVGA Resolution:
800x600 pixel count.
System-on-glass (SOG)
A thin film transistor-active matrix liquid crystal
display (TFT-LCD) that has additional functionality,
such as memory or computation, built into its
array electronics. This can refer to almost any
level of integration, from driver integrated circuits
(ICs), to a full central processing unit (CPU).
Requires low temperature poly-crystalline silicon
(LTPS) backplanes, and is typically most valuable
for small portable devices.
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T
TAB = Tape Automated Bonding
The LCD driver / controller is encapsulated in
a bubble on a flex circuit. The flex is attached
directly to the glass or a PCB.
TFT
Thin-film transistor (TFT). Electronic technology
upon which active matrix liquid crystal displays
(LCDs) are based. Each pixel is driven by a separate
IC gate to speed the response time and improve
the optics. The foundation of the TFT is a semiconductor
layer (typically based on silicon) which can switch
current flow on or off by the application of an
electric field. The IC gates are deposited directly
onto the LCD glass substrate in a combination
of wafer fabrication and glass assembly.
TFT Array
A component of the LCD display. The glass substrate
containing the thin film transistors used to switch
the sub-pixels on or off.
TN:
Twisted Nematic. The original construction method
for LCDs using 90 degree twist angles. Used in
7 segment and direct drive display applications.
Very low cost manufacturing.
Touch Panel Controller:
The hardware element that translates the information
between the touch panel and the host system.
Touchscreen:
A transparent glass or hard plastic sheet that
mounts over the display viewing area and allows
users to make a choice and input via touching
the screen.
TQFP = Thin Quad Flat Pack
The LCD driver(s) / controller and other surface
mount components are re-flowed onto a PCB.
Transflective:
A display that combines reflective and transmissive
qualities. In dark ambient light environments,
the backlight can be used to provide light for
the display. In bright ambient light environments,
the backlight can be switched off and the display
used in reflective mode to save battery life.
Most often used in PDAs and mobile phones. Good
in sunlight and outdoor applications. Contrast
ratio and brightness are decreased compared to
transmissive type.
Transmissive:
A display that uses a backlight shining through
the LCD to produce the image. Good in regular
or dim lighting. Not for use in sunshine. Ambient
light interferes with the backlight, and “washes
out” the display image. The light is created
by a CCFL or light emitting diode (LED) backlight,
the switching is provided by the thin film transistor
(TFT) array, and the color is provided by the
color filter.
TSTN:
Triple Super Twist Nematic. Sharp name for film
compensated super twist display which uses a retardation
film to correct the color shift in STN displays,
and so produces a black and white image.
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V
VGA Resolution:
640x480 pixel count.
Viewing Angle
The angle at which the viewer must be in comparison
to the screen, in order to see the image on a
display. For example, a 0° horizontal viewing
angle is directly in front of the display and
a 90° horizontal viewing angle is directly to
the side. Emissive displays show the same brightness
and color regardless of viewing angle, however,
rear projection displays and transmissive displays
can show some differences in color, brightness,
and gray scale, with the most difference being
noticed at the steepest viewing angles.
Viewing Area:
The part of the display that can be seen inside
the bezel.
VFD:
Vacuum Fluorescent Display.
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W
Wide Temperature Range:
For LCD, Wide Operating Temp Range = -20C to
+70C. Regular Operating Temp Range = 0C to +50C.
LCD have very poor temperature performance inherent
to the technology. By comparison, wide operating
temp range for semiconductors is -55C to +125C.
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X
XGA Resolution:
1024x768 pixel count.
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Z
Zebra Strip:
Conductive rubber strip, also called Elastomer,
used to connect the contacts on the glass display
to the printed circuit board of a LCD character
module. Also use in low resolution graphic modules.
Electrical contact is made by compression with
the bezel frame.
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